Packet #17815789 Success
STORE_FORWARD_APP packet from MoeTD (Moe) to !ffffffff
45
Total Receptions
1
Unique Gateways
0
Hop Count
7
Payload Bytes
Packet Information
| Database ID: | 17815789 |
|---|---|
| Mesh Packet ID: |
0x1d60d8cf
Used for correlation across gateways |
| Timestamp: | 2026-03-27 10:27:56 UTC |
| From Node: | MoeTD (Moe) |
| To Node: | !ffffffff (ffff) |
| Success: | Processed |
| Protocol: |
STORE_FORWARD_APP
Port: 65 |
| Gateway: | Bells Turn (BELL) |
|---|---|
| Channel: | LongFast |
| RSSI: | -115 dBm |
| SNR: | -2.0 dBm |
| Hop Info: |
0/7 hops
Start: 7, Limit: 7 |
| Relay Node: |
1c
Moe
Last byte of the last hop that relayed this packet - Candidate source node(s) based on 0-hop direct receptions |
Payload Data
Protocol: STORE_FORWARD_APP
Size: 7 bytes
Decoded:
Yes
Decoded Data:
{
"rr": "ROUTER_HEARTBEAT",
"heartbeat": {
"period": 900
},
"type": "protobuf",
"portnum": "STORE_FORWARD_APP",
"message_class": "StoreAndForward"
}
Raw Packet Analysis
Complete field breakdown and MQTT privacy/exposure analysisPacket Structure
MQTT Packet Flow:
ServiceEnvelope (MQTT layer) → MeshPacket (Mesh layer) → Decoded Payload (Application data)
| Total Size: | 7 bytes |
|---|---|
| Gateway: | !9ea14f54 |
| Channel: | LongFast |
| Payload Type: | STORE_FORWARD_APP |
| Hop Count: | Unknown / 7 |
Privacy Summary
Exposure Level:
Broadcast
Broadcast
Privacy Features:
✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Gateway node ID tracked
+ 1 more...
✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Gateway node ID tracked
+ 1 more...
Exposure Risks:
⚠ Visible to all nodes on channel
⚠ Default channel - no encryption
+ 2 more...
⚠ Visible to all nodes on channel
⚠ Default channel - no encryption
+ 2 more...
MQTT ServiceEnvelope Fields
MQTT ServiceEnvelope contains the MeshPacket plus routing metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
gateway_id |
!9ea14f54
Node ID format |
channel_id |
LongFast
Default public channel |
packet |
MeshPacket (7 bytes)
Contains the actual mesh network packet |
MeshPacket Fields
Core mesh packet with routing and payload information
| Field | Value | Type |
|---|---|---|
from |
1322477852
Source node ID |
uint32 |
to |
4294967295 (Broadcast)
Visible to all nodes |
uint32 |
decoded.portnum |
65
STORE_FORWARD_APP |
enum |
decoded.payload_length |
7 bytes
|
size |
hop_limit |
7
Remaining hops allowed |
uint32 |
hop_start |
7
Initial hop limit |
uint32 |
hops_taken |
0
Calculated: hop_start - hop_limit |
derived |
rx_rssi |
-115.0 dBm
Signal strength at gateway |
int32 |
rx_snr |
-2.00 dB
Signal quality at gateway |
float |
rx_time |
1774607269
Receive timestamp |
fixed32 |
via_mqtt |
False
Direct LoRa transmission |
bool |
want_ack |
False
No ACK requested |
bool |
priority |
Not set | enum |
delayed |
Not set | enum |
channel |
Not set | uint32 |
pki_encrypted |
False
Standard encryption |
bool |
next_hop |
Not set | uint32 |
relay_node |
28
Relay node ID |
uint32 |
tx_after |
Not set | uint32 |
timestamp |
1774607276.414621
Unix timestamp |
uint32 |
MQTT Privacy & Exposure Analysis
Analysis of privacy features and exposure risks when packet is shared via MQTT
Exposure Level: Broadcast
Privacy Features:
- ✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
- ✓ Gateway node ID tracked
- ✓ Zero-hop: direct from source to MQTT gateway
Exposure Risks:
- ⚠ Visible to all nodes on channel
- ⚠ Default channel - no encryption
- ⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
- ⚠ RF signal metrics exposed (location inference possible)
MQTT-Specific Fields
| Gateway ID: | !9ea14f54 |
| Zero Hop Policy: |
Enabled
Direct gateway connection |
| Signal Metrics: |
RSSI: -115.0 dBm SNR: -2.00 dB |
Complete Payload Analysis
Detailed breakdown of all payload fields and decoded data
Payload Metadata:
| Protocol: | STORE_FORWARD_APP |
|---|---|
| Size: | 7 bytes |
| Decoded: | Yes |
Complete Payload Data (JSON):
{
"rr": "ROUTER_HEARTBEAT",
"heartbeat": {
"period": 900
},
"type": "protobuf",
"portnum": "STORE_FORWARD_APP",
"message_class": "StoreAndForward"
}
Complete Protobuf Decode (JSON)
{
"service_envelope": {
"gateway_id": "!9ea14f54",
"channel_id": "LongFast",
"packet": "MeshPacket (see mesh_packet below)"
},
"mesh_packet": {
"from": 1322477852,
"to": 4294967295,
"id": 492886223,
"rx_time": 1774607269,
"rx_snr": -2.0,
"rx_rssi": -115,
"hop_limit": 7,
"hop_start": 7,
"via_mqtt": false,
"want_ack": false,
"priority": 0,
"delayed": 0,
"channel_index": null,
"pki_encrypted": false,
"next_hop": 0,
"relay_node": 28,
"tx_after": 0,
"decoded": {
"portnum": 65,
"payload": "08022203088407",
"want_response": null,
"dest": null,
"source": null,
"request_id": null,
"reply_id": null,
"emoji": null,
"parsed_payload": {
"rr": "ROUTER_HEARTBEAT",
"heartbeat": {
"period": 900
},
"type": "protobuf",
"portnum": "STORE_FORWARD_APP",
"message_class": "StoreAndForward"
}
}
}
}
Raw Packet Data (7 bytes)
08022203088407
Hex Analysis:
| Size: | 7 bytes |
|---|---|
| Format: | Protobuf (Protocol Buffers) |
| Encoding: | Binary with varint and length-delimited fields |
This is the raw protobuf-encoded payload as received from MQTT.
The structure follows the Meshtastic protobuf schema definitions.
All Receptions
All gateways that received this packetCorrelation: Using Mesh Packet ID
Reception Locations
Loading...
Loading reception map...
Map shows gateway locations that received this packet. Hop counts are displayed if available.
| Gateway | Time Offset | RSSI | SNR | Hops | Relay | Channel | Timestamp | Actions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bells Turn (BELL) Primary |
0.000s
Reference |
-115.0 dBm | -2.00 dB | 0 |
1c
Moe
|
LongFast | 2026-03-27 10:27:56 UTC | Current |
| Bells Turn (BELL) |
+0.019s
After |
-115.0 dBm | -2.00 dB | 0 |
1c
Moe
|
LongFast | 2026-03-27 10:27:56 UTC | View |
| Bells Turn (BELL) |
+0.038s
After |
-115.0 dBm | -2.00 dB | 0 |
1c
Moe
|
LongFast | 2026-03-27 10:27:56 UTC | View |
| Bells Turn (BELL) |
+0.057s
After |
-115.0 dBm | -2.00 dB | 0 |
1c
Moe
|
LongFast | 2026-03-27 10:27:56 UTC | View |
| Bells Turn (BELL) |
+0.066s
After |
-115.0 dBm | -2.00 dB | 0 |
1c
Moe
|
LongFast | 2026-03-27 10:27:56 UTC | View |
| Bells Turn (BELL) |
+0.083s
After |
-115.0 dBm | -2.00 dB | 0 |
1c
Moe
|
LongFast | 2026-03-27 10:27:56 UTC | View |
| Bells Turn (BELL) |
+0.094s
After |
-115.0 dBm | -2.00 dB | 0 |
1c
Moe
|
LongFast | 2026-03-27 10:27:56 UTC | View |
| Bells Turn (BELL) |
+0.105s
After |
-115.0 dBm | -2.00 dB | 0 |
1c
Moe
|
LongFast | 2026-03-27 10:27:56 UTC | View |
| Bells Turn (BELL) |
+0.115s
After |
-115.0 dBm | -2.00 dB | 0 |
1c
Moe
|
LongFast | 2026-03-27 10:27:56 UTC | View |
| Bells Turn (BELL) |
+0.127s
After |
-115.0 dBm | -2.00 dB | 0 |
1c
Moe
|
LongFast | 2026-03-27 10:27:56 UTC | View |
| Bells Turn (BELL) |
+0.137s
After |
-115.0 dBm | -2.00 dB | 0 |
1c
Moe
|
LongFast | 2026-03-27 10:27:56 UTC | View |
| Bells Turn (BELL) |
+0.148s
After |
-115.0 dBm | -2.00 dB | 0 |
1c
Moe
|
MediumFast | 2026-03-27 10:27:56 UTC | View |
| Bells Turn (BELL) |
+0.160s
After |
-115.0 dBm | -2.00 dB | 0 |
1c
Moe
|
MediumFast | 2026-03-27 10:27:56 UTC | View |
| Bells Turn (BELL) |
+0.173s
After |
-115.0 dBm | -2.00 dB | 0 |
1c
Moe
|
MediumFast | 2026-03-27 10:27:56 UTC | View |
| Bells Turn (BELL) |
+0.185s
After |
-115.0 dBm | -2.00 dB | 0 |
1c
Moe
|
MediumFast | 2026-03-27 10:27:56 UTC | View |
| Bells Turn (BELL) |
+0.197s
After |
-115.0 dBm | -2.00 dB | 0 |
1c
Moe
|
MediumFast | 2026-03-27 10:27:56 UTC | View |
| Bells Turn (BELL) |
+0.209s
After |
-115.0 dBm | -2.00 dB | 0 |
1c
Moe
|
MediumFast | 2026-03-27 10:27:56 UTC | View |
| Bells Turn (BELL) |
+0.221s
After |
-115.0 dBm | -2.00 dB | 0 |
1c
Moe
|
MediumFast | 2026-03-27 10:27:56 UTC | View |
| Bells Turn (BELL) |
+0.233s
After |
-115.0 dBm | -2.00 dB | 0 |
1c
Moe
|
MediumFast | 2026-03-27 10:27:56 UTC | View |
| Bells Turn (BELL) |
+0.245s
After |
-115.0 dBm | -2.00 dB | 0 |
1c
Moe
|
MediumFast | 2026-03-27 10:27:56 UTC | View |
| Bells Turn (BELL) |
+0.256s
After |
-115.0 dBm | -2.00 dB | 0 |
1c
Moe
|
MediumFast | 2026-03-27 10:27:56 UTC | View |
| Bells Turn (BELL) |
+0.267s
After |
-115.0 dBm | -2.00 dB | 0 |
1c
Moe
|
MediumFast | 2026-03-27 10:27:56 UTC | View |
| Bells Turn (BELL) |
+0.278s
After |
-115.0 dBm | -2.00 dB | 0 |
1c
Moe
|
ShortFast | 2026-03-27 10:27:56 UTC | View |
| Bells Turn (BELL) |
+0.289s
After |
-115.0 dBm | -2.00 dB | 0 |
1c
Moe
|
ShortFast | 2026-03-27 10:27:56 UTC | View |
| Bells Turn (BELL) |
+0.299s
After |
-115.0 dBm | -2.00 dB | 0 |
1c
Moe
|
ShortFast | 2026-03-27 10:27:56 UTC | View |
| Bells Turn (BELL) |
+0.310s
After |
-115.0 dBm | -2.00 dB | 0 |
1c
Moe
|
ShortFast | 2026-03-27 10:27:56 UTC | View |
| Bells Turn (BELL) |
+0.321s
After |
-115.0 dBm | -2.00 dB | 0 |
1c
Moe
|
ShortFast | 2026-03-27 10:27:56 UTC | View |
| Bells Turn (BELL) |
+0.331s
After |
-115.0 dBm | -2.00 dB | 0 |
1c
Moe
|
ShortFast | 2026-03-27 10:27:56 UTC | View |
| Bells Turn (BELL) |
+0.344s
After |
-115.0 dBm | -2.00 dB | 0 |
1c
Moe
|
ShortFast | 2026-03-27 10:27:56 UTC | View |
| Bells Turn (BELL) |
+0.356s
After |
-115.0 dBm | -2.00 dB | 0 |
1c
Moe
|
ShortFast | 2026-03-27 10:27:56 UTC | View |
| Bells Turn (BELL) |
+0.368s
After |
-115.0 dBm | -2.00 dB | 0 |
1c
Moe
|
ShortFast | 2026-03-27 10:27:56 UTC | View |
| Bells Turn (BELL) |
+0.381s
After |
-115.0 dBm | -2.00 dB | 0 |
1c
Moe
|
ShortFast | 2026-03-27 10:27:56 UTC | View |
| Bells Turn (BELL) |
+0.392s
After |
-115.0 dBm | -2.00 dB | 0 |
1c
Moe
|
ShortFast | 2026-03-27 10:27:56 UTC | View |
| Bells Turn (BELL) |
+0.405s
After |
-115.0 dBm | -2.00 dB | 0 |
1c
Moe
|
ShortTurbo | 2026-03-27 10:27:56 UTC | View |
| Bells Turn (BELL) |
+0.416s
After |
-115.0 dBm | -2.00 dB | 0 |
1c
Moe
|
ShortTurbo | 2026-03-27 10:27:56 UTC | View |
| Bells Turn (BELL) |
+0.428s
After |
-115.0 dBm | -2.00 dB | 0 |
1c
Moe
|
ShortTurbo | 2026-03-27 10:27:56 UTC | View |
| Bells Turn (BELL) |
+0.439s
After |
-115.0 dBm | -2.00 dB | 0 |
1c
Moe
|
ShortTurbo | 2026-03-27 10:27:56 UTC | View |
| Bells Turn (BELL) |
+0.450s
After |
-115.0 dBm | -2.00 dB | 0 |
1c
Moe
|
ShortTurbo | 2026-03-27 10:27:56 UTC | View |
| Bells Turn (BELL) |
+0.461s
After |
-115.0 dBm | -2.00 dB | 0 |
1c
Moe
|
ShortTurbo | 2026-03-27 10:27:56 UTC | View |
| Bells Turn (BELL) |
+0.472s
After |
-115.0 dBm | -2.00 dB | 0 |
1c
Moe
|
ShortTurbo | 2026-03-27 10:27:56 UTC | View |
| Bells Turn (BELL) |
+0.483s
After |
-115.0 dBm | -2.00 dB | 0 |
1c
Moe
|
ShortTurbo | 2026-03-27 10:27:56 UTC | View |
| Bells Turn (BELL) |
+0.494s
After |
-115.0 dBm | -2.00 dB | 0 |
1c
Moe
|
ShortTurbo | 2026-03-27 10:27:56 UTC | View |
| Bells Turn (BELL) |
+0.505s
After |
-115.0 dBm | -2.00 dB | 0 |
1c
Moe
|
ShortTurbo | 2026-03-27 10:27:56 UTC | View |
| Bells Turn (BELL) |
+0.515s
After |
-115.0 dBm | -2.00 dB | 0 |
1c
Moe
|
ShortTurbo | 2026-03-27 10:27:56 UTC | View |
| Bells Turn (BELL) |
+0.527s
After |
-115.0 dBm | -2.00 dB | 0 |
1c
Moe
|
LongFast | 2026-03-27 10:27:56 UTC | View |
45
Total Receptions
1
Unique Gateways