Packet #18145690 Success
STORE_FORWARD_APP packet from Hemlock (🌲) to !ffffffff
45
Total Receptions
1
Unique Gateways
3
Hop Count
7
Payload Bytes
Packet Information
| Database ID: | 18145690 |
|---|---|
| Mesh Packet ID: |
0x4f25fc03
Used for correlation across gateways |
| Timestamp: | 2026-03-28 04:48:42 UTC |
| From Node: | Hemlock (🌲) |
| To Node: | !ffffffff (ffff) |
| Success: | Processed |
| Protocol: |
STORE_FORWARD_APP
Port: 65 |
| Gateway: | Sunset Beach 2 (SSB2) |
|---|---|
| Channel: | LongFast |
| RSSI: | -119 dBm |
| SNR: | -16.5 dBm |
| Hop Info: |
3/3 hops
Start: 3, Limit: 0 |
| Relay Node: |
94
NALF
Last byte of the last hop that relayed this packet - Candidate source node(s) based on 0-hop direct receptions |
Payload Data
Protocol: STORE_FORWARD_APP
Size: 7 bytes
Decoded:
Yes
Decoded Data:
{
"rr": "ROUTER_HEARTBEAT",
"heartbeat": {
"period": 900
},
"type": "protobuf",
"portnum": "STORE_FORWARD_APP",
"message_class": "StoreAndForward"
}
Raw Packet Analysis
Complete field breakdown and MQTT privacy/exposure analysisPacket Structure
MQTT Packet Flow:
ServiceEnvelope (MQTT layer) → MeshPacket (Mesh layer) → Decoded Payload (Application data)
| Total Size: | 7 bytes |
|---|---|
| Gateway: | !a0cc7100 |
| Channel: | LongFast |
| Payload Type: | STORE_FORWARD_APP |
| Hop Count: | 3 / 3 |
Privacy Summary
Exposure Level:
Broadcast
Broadcast
Privacy Features:
✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Gateway node ID tracked
✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Gateway node ID tracked
Exposure Risks:
âš Visible to all nodes on channel
âš Default channel - no encryption
+ 3 more...
âš Visible to all nodes on channel
âš Default channel - no encryption
+ 3 more...
MQTT ServiceEnvelope Fields
MQTT ServiceEnvelope contains the MeshPacket plus routing metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
gateway_id |
!a0cc7100
Node ID format |
channel_id |
LongFast
Default public channel |
packet |
MeshPacket (7 bytes)
Contains the actual mesh network packet |
MeshPacket Fields
Core mesh packet with routing and payload information
| Field | Value | Type |
|---|---|---|
from |
3662910344
Source node ID |
uint32 |
to |
4294967295 (Broadcast)
Visible to all nodes |
uint32 |
decoded.portnum |
65
STORE_FORWARD_APP |
enum |
decoded.payload_length |
7 bytes
|
size |
hop_limit |
Not set | uint32 |
hop_start |
3
Initial hop limit |
uint32 |
hops_taken |
3
Calculated: hop_start - hop_limit |
derived |
rx_rssi |
-119.0 dBm
Signal strength at gateway |
int32 |
rx_snr |
-16.50 dB
Signal quality at gateway |
float |
rx_time |
1774673320
Receive timestamp |
fixed32 |
via_mqtt |
False
Direct LoRa transmission |
bool |
want_ack |
False
No ACK requested |
bool |
priority |
Not set | enum |
delayed |
Not set | enum |
channel |
Not set | uint32 |
pki_encrypted |
False
Standard encryption |
bool |
next_hop |
Not set | uint32 |
relay_node |
148
Relay node ID |
uint32 |
tx_after |
Not set | uint32 |
timestamp |
1774673322.0891595
Unix timestamp |
uint32 |
MQTT Privacy & Exposure Analysis
Analysis of privacy features and exposure risks when packet is shared via MQTT
Exposure Level: Broadcast
Privacy Features:
- ✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
- ✓ Gateway node ID tracked
Exposure Risks:
- âš Visible to all nodes on channel
- âš Default channel - no encryption
- âš Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
- âš Multi-hop path visible (3 hops)
- âš RF signal metrics exposed (location inference possible)
MQTT-Specific Fields
| Gateway ID: | !a0cc7100 |
| Signal Metrics: |
RSSI: -119.0 dBm SNR: -16.50 dB |
Complete Payload Analysis
Detailed breakdown of all payload fields and decoded data
Payload Metadata:
| Protocol: | STORE_FORWARD_APP |
|---|---|
| Size: | 7 bytes |
| Decoded: | Yes |
Complete Payload Data (JSON):
{
"rr": "ROUTER_HEARTBEAT",
"heartbeat": {
"period": 900
},
"type": "protobuf",
"portnum": "STORE_FORWARD_APP",
"message_class": "StoreAndForward"
}
Complete Protobuf Decode (JSON)
{
"service_envelope": {
"gateway_id": "!a0cc7100",
"channel_id": "LongFast",
"packet": "MeshPacket (see mesh_packet below)"
},
"mesh_packet": {
"from": 3662910344,
"to": 4294967295,
"id": 1327889411,
"rx_time": 1774673320,
"rx_snr": -16.5,
"rx_rssi": -119,
"hop_limit": 0,
"hop_start": 3,
"via_mqtt": false,
"want_ack": false,
"priority": 0,
"delayed": 0,
"channel_index": null,
"pki_encrypted": false,
"next_hop": 0,
"relay_node": 148,
"tx_after": 0,
"decoded": {
"portnum": 65,
"payload": "08022203088407",
"want_response": null,
"dest": null,
"source": null,
"request_id": null,
"reply_id": null,
"emoji": null,
"parsed_payload": {
"rr": "ROUTER_HEARTBEAT",
"heartbeat": {
"period": 900
},
"type": "protobuf",
"portnum": "STORE_FORWARD_APP",
"message_class": "StoreAndForward"
}
}
}
}
Raw Packet Data (7 bytes)
08022203088407
Hex Analysis:
| Size: | 7 bytes |
|---|---|
| Format: | Protobuf (Protocol Buffers) |
| Encoding: | Binary with varint and length-delimited fields |
This is the raw protobuf-encoded payload as received from MQTT.
The structure follows the Meshtastic protobuf schema definitions.
All Receptions
All gateways that received this packetCorrelation: Using Mesh Packet ID
Reception Locations
Loading...
Loading reception map...
Map shows gateway locations that received this packet. Hop counts are displayed if available.
| Gateway | Time Offset | RSSI | SNR | Hops | Relay | Channel | Timestamp | Actions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sunset Beach 2 (SSB2) Primary |
0.000s
Reference |
-119.0 dBm | -16.50 dB | 3 |
94
NALF
|
LongFast | 2026-03-28 04:48:42 UTC | Current |
| Sunset Beach 2 (SSB2) |
-0.166s
Before |
-119.0 dBm | -16.50 dB | 3 |
94
NALF
|
LongFast | 2026-03-28 04:48:41 UTC | View |
| Sunset Beach 2 (SSB2) |
-0.045s
Before |
-119.0 dBm | -16.50 dB | 3 |
94
NALF
|
LongFast | 2026-03-28 04:48:42 UTC | View |
| Sunset Beach 2 (SSB2) |
-0.034s
Before |
-119.0 dBm | -16.50 dB | 3 |
94
NALF
|
LongFast | 2026-03-28 04:48:42 UTC | View |
| Sunset Beach 2 (SSB2) |
-0.023s
Before |
-119.0 dBm | -16.50 dB | 3 |
94
NALF
|
LongFast | 2026-03-28 04:48:42 UTC | View |
| Sunset Beach 2 (SSB2) |
-0.012s
Before |
-119.0 dBm | -16.50 dB | 3 |
94
NALF
|
LongFast | 2026-03-28 04:48:42 UTC | View |
| Sunset Beach 2 (SSB2) |
+0.017s
After |
-119.0 dBm | -16.50 dB | 3 |
94
NALF
|
LongFast | 2026-03-28 04:48:42 UTC | View |
| Sunset Beach 2 (SSB2) |
+0.030s
After |
-119.0 dBm | -16.50 dB | 3 |
94
NALF
|
LongFast | 2026-03-28 04:48:42 UTC | View |
| Sunset Beach 2 (SSB2) |
+0.042s
After |
-119.0 dBm | -16.50 dB | 3 |
94
NALF
|
LongFast | 2026-03-28 04:48:42 UTC | View |
| Sunset Beach 2 (SSB2) |
+0.053s
After |
-119.0 dBm | -16.50 dB | 3 |
94
NALF
|
LongFast | 2026-03-28 04:48:42 UTC | View |
| Sunset Beach 2 (SSB2) |
+0.065s
After |
-119.0 dBm | -16.50 dB | 3 |
94
NALF
|
LongFast | 2026-03-28 04:48:42 UTC | View |
| Sunset Beach 2 (SSB2) |
+0.076s
After |
-119.0 dBm | -16.50 dB | 3 |
94
NALF
|
MediumFast | 2026-03-28 04:48:42 UTC | View |
| Sunset Beach 2 (SSB2) |
+0.088s
After |
-119.0 dBm | -16.50 dB | 3 |
94
NALF
|
MediumFast | 2026-03-28 04:48:42 UTC | View |
| Sunset Beach 2 (SSB2) |
+0.099s
After |
-119.0 dBm | -16.50 dB | 3 |
94
NALF
|
MediumFast | 2026-03-28 04:48:42 UTC | View |
| Sunset Beach 2 (SSB2) |
+0.110s
After |
-119.0 dBm | -16.50 dB | 3 |
94
NALF
|
MediumFast | 2026-03-28 04:48:42 UTC | View |
| Sunset Beach 2 (SSB2) |
+0.121s
After |
-119.0 dBm | -16.50 dB | 3 |
94
NALF
|
MediumFast | 2026-03-28 04:48:42 UTC | View |
| Sunset Beach 2 (SSB2) |
+0.131s
After |
-119.0 dBm | -16.50 dB | 3 |
94
NALF
|
MediumFast | 2026-03-28 04:48:42 UTC | View |
| Sunset Beach 2 (SSB2) |
+0.142s
After |
-119.0 dBm | -16.50 dB | 3 |
94
NALF
|
MediumFast | 2026-03-28 04:48:42 UTC | View |
| Sunset Beach 2 (SSB2) |
+0.152s
After |
-119.0 dBm | -16.50 dB | 3 |
94
NALF
|
MediumFast | 2026-03-28 04:48:42 UTC | View |
| Sunset Beach 2 (SSB2) |
+0.163s
After |
-119.0 dBm | -16.50 dB | 3 |
94
NALF
|
MediumFast | 2026-03-28 04:48:42 UTC | View |
| Sunset Beach 2 (SSB2) |
+0.174s
After |
-119.0 dBm | -16.50 dB | 3 |
94
NALF
|
MediumFast | 2026-03-28 04:48:42 UTC | View |
| Sunset Beach 2 (SSB2) |
+0.187s
After |
-119.0 dBm | -16.50 dB | 3 |
94
NALF
|
MediumFast | 2026-03-28 04:48:42 UTC | View |
| Sunset Beach 2 (SSB2) |
+0.200s
After |
-119.0 dBm | -16.50 dB | 3 |
94
NALF
|
ShortFast | 2026-03-28 04:48:42 UTC | View |
| Sunset Beach 2 (SSB2) |
+0.216s
After |
-119.0 dBm | -16.50 dB | 3 |
94
NALF
|
ShortFast | 2026-03-28 04:48:42 UTC | View |
| Sunset Beach 2 (SSB2) |
+0.247s
After |
-119.0 dBm | -16.50 dB | 3 |
94
NALF
|
ShortFast | 2026-03-28 04:48:42 UTC | View |
| Sunset Beach 2 (SSB2) |
+0.261s
After |
-119.0 dBm | -16.50 dB | 3 |
94
NALF
|
ShortFast | 2026-03-28 04:48:42 UTC | View |
| Sunset Beach 2 (SSB2) |
+0.272s
After |
-119.0 dBm | -16.50 dB | 3 |
94
NALF
|
ShortFast | 2026-03-28 04:48:42 UTC | View |
| Sunset Beach 2 (SSB2) |
+0.284s
After |
-119.0 dBm | -16.50 dB | 3 |
94
NALF
|
ShortFast | 2026-03-28 04:48:42 UTC | View |
| Sunset Beach 2 (SSB2) |
+0.299s
After |
-119.0 dBm | -16.50 dB | 3 |
94
NALF
|
ShortFast | 2026-03-28 04:48:42 UTC | View |
| Sunset Beach 2 (SSB2) |
+0.309s
After |
-119.0 dBm | -16.50 dB | 3 |
94
NALF
|
ShortFast | 2026-03-28 04:48:42 UTC | View |
| Sunset Beach 2 (SSB2) |
+0.320s
After |
-119.0 dBm | -16.50 dB | 3 |
94
NALF
|
ShortFast | 2026-03-28 04:48:42 UTC | View |
| Sunset Beach 2 (SSB2) |
+0.331s
After |
-119.0 dBm | -16.50 dB | 3 |
94
NALF
|
ShortFast | 2026-03-28 04:48:42 UTC | View |
| Sunset Beach 2 (SSB2) |
+0.342s
After |
-119.0 dBm | -16.50 dB | 3 |
94
NALF
|
ShortFast | 2026-03-28 04:48:42 UTC | View |
| Sunset Beach 2 (SSB2) |
+0.354s
After |
-119.0 dBm | -16.50 dB | 3 |
94
NALF
|
ShortTurbo | 2026-03-28 04:48:42 UTC | View |
| Sunset Beach 2 (SSB2) |
+0.364s
After |
-119.0 dBm | -16.50 dB | 3 |
94
NALF
|
ShortTurbo | 2026-03-28 04:48:42 UTC | View |
| Sunset Beach 2 (SSB2) |
+0.375s
After |
-119.0 dBm | -16.50 dB | 3 |
94
NALF
|
ShortTurbo | 2026-03-28 04:48:42 UTC | View |
| Sunset Beach 2 (SSB2) |
+0.386s
After |
-119.0 dBm | -16.50 dB | 3 |
94
NALF
|
ShortTurbo | 2026-03-28 04:48:42 UTC | View |
| Sunset Beach 2 (SSB2) |
+0.398s
After |
-119.0 dBm | -16.50 dB | 3 |
94
NALF
|
ShortTurbo | 2026-03-28 04:48:42 UTC | View |
| Sunset Beach 2 (SSB2) |
+0.411s
After |
-119.0 dBm | -16.50 dB | 3 |
94
NALF
|
ShortTurbo | 2026-03-28 04:48:42 UTC | View |
| Sunset Beach 2 (SSB2) |
+0.423s
After |
-119.0 dBm | -16.50 dB | 3 |
94
NALF
|
ShortTurbo | 2026-03-28 04:48:42 UTC | View |
| Sunset Beach 2 (SSB2) |
+0.435s
After |
-119.0 dBm | -16.50 dB | 3 |
94
NALF
|
ShortTurbo | 2026-03-28 04:48:42 UTC | View |
| Sunset Beach 2 (SSB2) |
+0.447s
After |
-119.0 dBm | -16.50 dB | 3 |
94
NALF
|
ShortTurbo | 2026-03-28 04:48:42 UTC | View |
| Sunset Beach 2 (SSB2) |
+0.459s
After |
-119.0 dBm | -16.50 dB | 3 |
94
NALF
|
ShortTurbo | 2026-03-28 04:48:42 UTC | View |
| Sunset Beach 2 (SSB2) |
+0.471s
After |
-119.0 dBm | -16.50 dB | 3 |
94
NALF
|
ShortTurbo | 2026-03-28 04:48:42 UTC | View |
| Sunset Beach 2 (SSB2) |
+0.483s
After |
-119.0 dBm | -16.50 dB | 3 |
94
NALF
|
LongFast | 2026-03-28 04:48:42 UTC | View |
45
Total Receptions
1
Unique Gateways