Packet #40289948 Success

STORE_FORWARD_APP packet from MoeTD (Moe) to !ffffffff

Total Receptions

Unique Gateways

Hop Count

Payload Bytes

Packet Information

Database ID:	40289948
Mesh Packet ID:	`0x5782d2bf` Used for correlation across gateways
Timestamp:	2026-05-18 06:42:25 UTC
From Node:	MoeTD (Moe)
To Node:	!ffffffff (ffff)
Success:	Processed
Protocol:	STORE_FORWARD_APP Port: 65

Gateway:	MoeTD (Moe)
Channel:	ShortFast
RSSI:	Unknown
SNR:	Unknown
Hop Info:	0/7 hops Start: 7, Limit: 7
Relay Node:	`1c` Moe Last byte of the last hop that relayed this packet - Candidate source node(s) based on 0-hop direct receptions

Payload Data

Protocol: STORE_FORWARD_APP

Size: 7 bytes

Decoded: Yes

Decoded Data:

{
  "rr": "ROUTER_HEARTBEAT",
  "heartbeat": {
    "period": 900
  },
  "type": "protobuf",
  "portnum": "STORE_FORWARD_APP",
  "message_class": "StoreAndForward"
}

Raw Packet Analysis

Complete field breakdown and MQTT privacy/exposure analysis

Packet Structure

MQTT Packet Flow:
ServiceEnvelope (MQTT layer) → MeshPacket (Mesh layer) → Decoded Payload (Application data)

Total Size:	7 bytes
Gateway:	!4ed3691c
Channel:	ShortFast
Payload Type:	STORE_FORWARD_APP
Hop Count:	Unknown / 7

Privacy Summary

Exposure Level:
Broadcast

Privacy Features:
✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Custom channel: ShortFast
+ 2 more...

Exposure Risks:
⚠ Visible to all nodes on channel
⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers

MQTT ServiceEnvelope Fields

MQTT ServiceEnvelope contains the MeshPacket plus routing metadata

Field	Value
`gateway_id`	`!4ed3691c` Node ID format
`channel_id`	`ShortFast`
`packet`	`MeshPacket` (7 bytes) Contains the actual mesh network packet

MeshPacket Fields

Core mesh packet with routing and payload information

Field	Value	Type
`from`	`1322477852` Source node ID	uint32
`to`	`4294967295` (Broadcast) Visible to all nodes	uint32
`decoded.portnum`	`65` STORE_FORWARD_APP	enum
`decoded.payload_length`	`7` bytes	size
`hop_limit`	`7` Remaining hops allowed	uint32
`hop_start`	`7` Initial hop limit	uint32
`hops_taken`	`0` Calculated: hop_start - hop_limit	derived
`rx_rssi`	Not set	int32
`rx_snr`	Not set	float
`rx_time`	`1779086544` Receive timestamp	fixed32
`via_mqtt`	False Direct LoRa transmission	bool
`want_ack`	False No ACK requested	bool
`priority`	`10` Packet priority level	enum
`delayed`	Not set	enum
`channel`	Not set	uint32
`pki_encrypted`	False Standard encryption	bool
`next_hop`	Not set	uint32
`relay_node`	`28` Relay node ID	uint32
`tx_after`	Not set	uint32
`timestamp`	`1779086545.5482202` Unix timestamp	uint32

MQTT Privacy & Exposure Analysis

Analysis of privacy features and exposure risks when packet is shared via MQTT

Exposure Level: Broadcast

Privacy Features:

✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Custom channel: ShortFast
✓ Gateway node ID tracked
✓ Zero-hop: direct from source to MQTT gateway

Exposure Risks:

⚠ Visible to all nodes on channel
⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers

MQTT-Specific Fields

Gateway ID:	`!4ed3691c`
Zero Hop Policy:	Enabled Direct gateway connection

Complete Payload Analysis

Detailed breakdown of all payload fields and decoded data

Payload Metadata:

Protocol:	STORE_FORWARD_APP
Size:	7 bytes
Decoded:	Yes

Complete Payload Data (JSON):

{ "rr": "ROUTER_HEARTBEAT", "heartbeat": { "period": 900 }, "type": "protobuf", "portnum": "STORE_FORWARD_APP", "message_class": "StoreAndForward" }

Complete Protobuf Decode (JSON)

{ "service_envelope": { "gateway_id": "!4ed3691c", "channel_id": "ShortFast", "packet": "MeshPacket (see mesh_packet below)" }, "mesh_packet": { "from": 1322477852, "to": 4294967295, "id": 1468191423, "rx_time": 1779086544, "rx_snr": 0.0, "rx_rssi": 0, "hop_limit": 7, "hop_start": 7, "via_mqtt": false, "want_ack": false, "priority": 10, "delayed": 0, "channel_index": null, "pki_encrypted": false, "next_hop": 0, "relay_node": 28, "tx_after": 0, "decoded": { "portnum": 65, "payload": "08022203088407", "want_response": null, "dest": null, "source": null, "request_id": null, "reply_id": null, "emoji": null, "parsed_payload": { "rr": "ROUTER_HEARTBEAT", "heartbeat": { "period": 900 }, "type": "protobuf", "portnum": "STORE_FORWARD_APP", "message_class": "StoreAndForward" } } } }

Raw Packet Data (7 bytes)

08022203088407

Hex Analysis:

Size:	7 bytes
Format:	Protobuf (Protocol Buffers)
Encoding:	Binary with varint and length-delimited fields

This is the raw protobuf-encoded payload as received from MQTT. The structure follows the Meshtastic protobuf schema definitions.

All Receptions

All gateways that received this packet
Correlation: Using Mesh Packet ID

Reception Locations

Loading reception map...

Map shows gateway locations that received this packet. Hop counts are displayed if available.

Gateway	Time Offset	RSSI	SNR	Relay	Channel	Timestamp	Actions
MoeTD (Moe) Primary	0.000s Reference	Unknown	Unknown	`1c` Moe	ShortFast	2026-05-18 06:42:25 UTC	Current
MoeTD (Moe)	-0.417s Before	Unknown	Unknown	`1c` Moe	LongFast	2026-05-18 06:42:25 UTC	View
MoeTD (Moe)	-0.391s Before	Unknown	Unknown	`1c` Moe	LongFast	2026-05-18 06:42:25 UTC	View
MoeTD (Moe)	-0.379s Before	Unknown	Unknown	`1c` Moe	LongFast	2026-05-18 06:42:25 UTC	View
MoeTD (Moe)	-0.367s Before	Unknown	Unknown	`1c` Moe	LongFast	2026-05-18 06:42:25 UTC	View
MoeTD (Moe)	-0.355s Before	Unknown	Unknown	`1c` Moe	LongFast	2026-05-18 06:42:25 UTC	View
MoeTD (Moe)	-0.342s Before	Unknown	Unknown	`1c` Moe	LongFast	2026-05-18 06:42:25 UTC	View
MoeTD (Moe)	-0.329s Before	Unknown	Unknown	`1c` Moe	LongFast	2026-05-18 06:42:25 UTC	View
MoeTD (Moe)	-0.316s Before	Unknown	Unknown	`1c` Moe	LongFast	2026-05-18 06:42:25 UTC	View
MoeTD (Moe)	-0.302s Before	Unknown	Unknown	`1c` Moe	LongFast	2026-05-18 06:42:25 UTC	View
MoeTD (Moe)	-0.290s Before	Unknown	Unknown	`1c` Moe	LongFast	2026-05-18 06:42:25 UTC	View
MoeTD (Moe)	-0.276s Before	Unknown	Unknown	`1c` Moe	LongFast	2026-05-18 06:42:25 UTC	View
MoeTD (Moe)	-0.263s Before	Unknown	Unknown	`1c` Moe	MediumFast	2026-05-18 06:42:25 UTC	View
MoeTD (Moe)	-0.250s Before	Unknown	Unknown	`1c` Moe	MediumFast	2026-05-18 06:42:25 UTC	View
MoeTD (Moe)	-0.238s Before	Unknown	Unknown	`1c` Moe	MediumFast	2026-05-18 06:42:25 UTC	View
MoeTD (Moe)	-0.227s Before	Unknown	Unknown	`1c` Moe	MediumFast	2026-05-18 06:42:25 UTC	View
MoeTD (Moe)	-0.214s Before	Unknown	Unknown	`1c` Moe	MediumFast	2026-05-18 06:42:25 UTC	View
MoeTD (Moe)	-0.202s Before	Unknown	Unknown	`1c` Moe	MediumFast	2026-05-18 06:42:25 UTC	View
MoeTD (Moe)	-0.189s Before	Unknown	Unknown	`1c` Moe	MediumFast	2026-05-18 06:42:25 UTC	View
MoeTD (Moe)	-0.177s Before	Unknown	Unknown	`1c` Moe	MediumFast	2026-05-18 06:42:25 UTC	View
MoeTD (Moe)	-0.166s Before	Unknown	Unknown	`1c` Moe	MediumFast	2026-05-18 06:42:25 UTC	View
MoeTD (Moe)	-0.154s Before	Unknown	Unknown	`1c` Moe	MediumFast	2026-05-18 06:42:25 UTC	View
MoeTD (Moe)	-0.141s Before	Unknown	Unknown	`1c` Moe	MediumFast	2026-05-18 06:42:25 UTC	View
MoeTD (Moe)	-0.128s Before	Unknown	Unknown	`1c` Moe	ShortFast	2026-05-18 06:42:25 UTC	View
MoeTD (Moe)	-0.114s Before	Unknown	Unknown	`1c` Moe	ShortFast	2026-05-18 06:42:25 UTC	View
MoeTD (Moe)	-0.101s Before	Unknown	Unknown	`1c` Moe	ShortFast	2026-05-18 06:42:25 UTC	View
MoeTD (Moe)	-0.087s Before	Unknown	Unknown	`1c` Moe	ShortFast	2026-05-18 06:42:25 UTC	View
MoeTD (Moe)	-0.074s Before	Unknown	Unknown	`1c` Moe	ShortFast	2026-05-18 06:42:25 UTC	View
MoeTD (Moe)	-0.059s Before	Unknown	Unknown	`1c` Moe	ShortFast	2026-05-18 06:42:25 UTC	View
MoeTD (Moe)	-0.046s Before	Unknown	Unknown	`1c` Moe	ShortFast	2026-05-18 06:42:25 UTC	View
MoeTD (Moe)	-0.035s Before	Unknown	Unknown	`1c` Moe	ShortFast	2026-05-18 06:42:25 UTC	View
MoeTD (Moe)	-0.023s Before	Unknown	Unknown	`1c` Moe	ShortFast	2026-05-18 06:42:25 UTC	View
MoeTD (Moe)	-0.012s Before	Unknown	Unknown	`1c` Moe	ShortFast	2026-05-18 06:42:25 UTC	View
MoeTD (Moe)	+0.012s After	Unknown	Unknown	`1c` Moe	ShortTurbo	2026-05-18 06:42:25 UTC	View
MoeTD (Moe)	+0.023s After	Unknown	Unknown	`1c` Moe	ShortTurbo	2026-05-18 06:42:25 UTC	View
MoeTD (Moe)	+0.035s After	Unknown	Unknown	`1c` Moe	ShortTurbo	2026-05-18 06:42:25 UTC	View
MoeTD (Moe)	+0.047s After	Unknown	Unknown	`1c` Moe	ShortTurbo	2026-05-18 06:42:25 UTC	View
MoeTD (Moe)	+0.060s After	Unknown	Unknown	`1c` Moe	ShortTurbo	2026-05-18 06:42:25 UTC	View
MoeTD (Moe)	+0.073s After	Unknown	Unknown	`1c` Moe	ShortTurbo	2026-05-18 06:42:25 UTC	View
MoeTD (Moe)	+0.086s After	Unknown	Unknown	`1c` Moe	ShortTurbo	2026-05-18 06:42:25 UTC	View
MoeTD (Moe)	+0.097s After	Unknown	Unknown	`1c` Moe	ShortTurbo	2026-05-18 06:42:25 UTC	View
MoeTD (Moe)	+0.110s After	Unknown	Unknown	`1c` Moe	ShortTurbo	2026-05-18 06:42:25 UTC	View
MoeTD (Moe)	+0.122s After	Unknown	Unknown	`1c` Moe	ShortTurbo	2026-05-18 06:42:25 UTC	View
MoeTD (Moe)	+0.135s After	Unknown	Unknown	`1c` Moe	ShortTurbo	2026-05-18 06:42:25 UTC	View
MoeTD (Moe)	+0.148s After	Unknown	Unknown	`1c` Moe	LongFast	2026-05-18 06:42:25 UTC	View

45

Total Receptions

1

Unique Gateways